Human interactions fall into three categories.

  • Cooperation: People work together, like in basketball.
  • Control: One person commands another, like in football.
  • Autonomy: People aren’t interacting very directly, like in baseball.

rK1 These categories offer a useful lens for analyzing organization design.


  1. Robert W Keidel, Seeing Organizational Patterns: A New Theory and Language of Organizational Design (Washington, D.C.: Beard Books, 2005). (See notes.)